How To Calculate Oxidation Numbers - Basic Introduction
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- Опубликовано: 3 апр 2025
- This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction on how to calculate oxidation numbers. It discusses how to find the oxidation states of elements such as Zn, O2, F2, and P4 and how to find the oxidation numbers of polyatomic ions such as SO4 2-, PO4 3-, NO3-, ClO4-, Hg2+2, O2-2 and so forth. In addition, this video explains what's behind a fractional oxidation state. For instance, the oxidation number of Fe in Fe3O4 is a fraction +8/3. This tutorial relates oxidation states to electronegativity and positive and negative partial charges.
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🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:15 *🧪 The oxidation state of pure elements is always zero.*
01:32 *📜 When dealing with ions like mercury or peroxide, divide the total charge to find individual oxidation states.*
03:43 *🚀 Fluorine in compounds typically has a -1 oxidation state; oxygen usually has -2, unless in peroxides (-1) or superoxides (-1/2).*
05:20 *💡 In compounds like MgCl₂, the total charge of the compound determines oxidation states; Mg²⁺ implies Cl⁻ will be present, resulting in Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.*
06:08 *🧮 In compounds like vanadium oxide, the term "oxide" implies oxygen will have a -2 charge; calculate the oxidation state of the other element(s) accordingly.*
09:48 *🧲 Electronegativity increases towards fluorine on the periodic table; it determines the distribution of charges in compounds.*
12:40 *🧠 In compounds like oxygen difluoride, the more electronegative element bears a negative charge; oxygen's oxidation state can vary depending on the compound.*
17:45 *📊 Use electronegativity to predict oxidation states; more electronegative elements tend to have negative oxidation states.*
20:32 *🧲 Average oxidation states can be fractional; they represent the distribution of charges among ions in compounds.*
24:24 *🔍 In polyatomic ions like HSO₄⁻, deduce oxidation states based on the charges of known elements within the ion.*
27:36 *📐 In complex ions like K₂CrO₄, determine oxidation states by balancing charges to achieve electrical neutrality.*
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00:06 Oxidation numbers: pure elements have an oxidation state of zero, ions have oxidation state equal to their charge
02:38 Fluorine and oxygen have predictable oxidation states in compounds.
08:11 The oxidation states of elements within compounds and polyatomic ions can be found by adding or subtracting based on the net charge.
10:40 Electronegativities determine the charge distribution in compounds
15:36 Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide have different oxidation states.
17:51 Elements with different electronegativities have different oxidation states
22:32 The average oxidation state is 2.67
24:32 Sulfur has an oxidation state of +4.
29:16 Electronegativity determines oxidation state
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